Open Access

Vimbisai Nhundu, Karla Verlinden

• This paper explores the critical issue of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) in Zimbabwe and Germany, emphasising the necessity of Comprehensive Sex Education (CSE) as a vital tool for empowerment and prevention of CSA. The authors, one from Zimbabwe and the other from Germany, are seasoned educationists with long-standing academic and advocacy interests in education, children's rights and child protection. The authors explore the prevalence and dynamics of CSA in Zimbabwe and Germany, highlighting the stark contrasts and similarities between the two contexts. Despite international legal frameworks, such as the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, global high rates of CSA persist, fuelled by factors such as entrenched patriarchy, cultural beliefs, economic hardship and inadequate legal protections. The study also examines the gender disparities in victimisation, with girls disproportionately affected. Comprehensive Sex Education (CSE) is offered as one of the vital preventive measures against CSA in both countries. By dismantling misconceptions surrounding sex education, the paper argues that CSE equips children with the knowledge and skills necessary to protect themselves from abuse. Through a narrative review of existing literature and reports, the authors advocate for tailored interventions, including community involvement, the strengthening of perpetrator prevention and parental-led safety programs, to effectively combat CSA. By addressing misconceptions about sex education and promoting CSE, the paper argues for a proactive approach to safeguarding children, ultimately aiming to create informed and resilient future generations and to educate adults in their attitudes and perceptions so that they will not become perpetrators or bystanders. Additionally, the research emphasises the importance of community involvement, parental engagement, and culturally sensitive educational approaches to combat CSA effectively. The findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive intervention strategies that address the root causes of CSA while empowering children and communities to foster safer environments.