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- Bernard Dalgairns (1)
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Photovoice as a participatory method: impacts on the individual, community and societal levels
(2020)
We present the visual data collection method called “photovoice” in participatory research, and discuss its impetus for change and its possible impacts on work with different groups of people. Using three case examples
from PartKommPlus – Research Consortium for Healthy Communities, we report our experiences from joint research involving adults with learning difficulties and young people. Following the Photovoice Impact Model of
CATALANI and MINKLER (2010), we assigned the observed impacts to three categories: the individual, community and societal levels. In line with the model, we discuss the contribution that the photovoice method can make to the
individual empowerment of co-researchers, the understanding of community needs and assets, and to changing social reality by influencing political and other key actors.
Although he was a major figure in the early development of the Cistercian movement, liturgical veneration for St. Stephen Harding (†1134) seldom took place in the Middle Ages. Legends rarely discuss him. But in the Early Modern Period, he was "discovered" and credited more and more with being the sole author of the Carta Caritatis, although there were certainly other authors. This article shows how Stephen's personality was assessed differently from one era to the next.
Nursing homes are places of high complexity where staff, residents and the institution itself are in an interdependent, non-linear relationship. Therefore phenomena cannot be explained mono-causally and additively. The thesis focuses on the infuence of organizational characteristics on resident outcomes. These characteristics are limited by a number of internal and external infuences, such as legislation, economics, etc. This form of complex causality with its factors of equifnality, assymetry and conjunctural causation is the main reason why nursing homes are considered complex adaptive systems.
Organizational research has been aware of these methodological difficulties for many decades. However, the lack of a method capable of taking them into account has long led to a gap between theory and methods.
With the emergence and development of Qualitative Comparative Analysis by Charles Ragin in
1987, a way of closing this gap was found. The method is based on the principles of set theory and Mill's methods. With a synthesis of qualitative and quantitative elements, necessary and sufficent conditions for the emergence of an outcome are revealed through the analysis of a truth table. It is shown that although the method is already used in nursing science in several instances, it is still incomplete, erroneous, or not yet used in accordance with newest methodological developments in many places.
The own practical application shows that fundamental influences of organizational characteristics on the residents outcome "fall" can be demonstrated. The comprehensive organizational data from the research project "PiBaWü" were used for this purpose. However, the results also show that without the inclusion of person-intrinsic conditions no exhaustive solution can be found. In view of the high complexity of the phenomenon, this was to be expected. Nevertheless, the method offers decisive advantages for nursing science due to its possibilities to act with low data levels and smaller case numbers. At the same time, the need for theoretically sound assumptions also presents the discipline with obstacles.
As a catalyst for the lack of theory-building in recent decades, it can still have a stimulating effect and be seen as a real progress.
Introduction: In emergency care, geriatric requirements and risks are often not taken sufficiently into account. In addition, there are neither evidence-based recommendations nor scientifically developed quality indicators (QI) for geriatric emergency care in German emergency departments. As part of the GeriQ-ED© research project, quality indicators for geriatric emergency medicine in Germany have been developed using the QUALIFY-instruments. Methods: Using a triangulation methodology, a) clinical experience-based quality aspects were identified and verified, b) research-based quality statements were formulated and assessed for relevance, and c) preliminary quality indicators were operationalized and evaluated in order to recommend a feasible set of final quality indicators. Results: Initially, 41 quality statements were identified and assessed as relevant. Sixty-seven QI (33 process, 29 structure and 5 outcome indicators) were extrapolated and operationalised. In order to facilitate implementation into daily practice, the following five quality statements were defined as the GeriQ-ED© TOP 5: screening for delirium, taking a full medications history including an assessment of the indications, education of geriatric knowledge and skills to emergency staff, screening for patients with geriatric needs, and identification of patients with risk of falls/ recurrent falls. Discussion: QIs are regarded as gold standard to measure, benchmark and improve emergency care. GeriQ-ED© QI focused on clinical experience- and research-based recommendations and describe for the first time a standard for geriatric emergency care in Germany. GeriQ-ED© TOP 5 should be implemented as a minimum standard in geriatric emergency care.