Evangelische Hochschule Nürnberg
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Objective:
This thesis deals with the phenomenon of 'pyjama paralysis', meaning the influence of nightwear on the mobility and activity of acute inpatients. It tries to identify the phenomenon with scientific findings, to classify it in terms of nursing care and to describe it based on the available literature.
Introduction:
While outpatients concentrate on going home, patients who are assigned a bed develop a psychological resistance against leaving the hospital. They sink into the "comfort of the hospital community", where they are not expected to do anything for themselves or make their own decisions. Experts call this condition pyjama paralysis. During a hospital stay, a person spends most of the day sitting or lying down and usually alone, without using much energy. Almost two thirds of inpatients wear nightwear or pyjamas during the day. The majority of lying patients wear nightwear, with three out of five lying elderly patients having no medical reason for bed rest.
Inclusion criteria:
The inclusion criteria were limited to adult patients capable of mobilization in an acute inpatient setting using the Pico scheme (JBI). The phenomenon of interest was termed pyjama paralysis and refers to the relationship between the wearing of pyjamas and activity and mobility.
Methods:
A scoping review was performed to get an overview of the topic. For this purpose, a systematic search in the subject databases CINAHL / EBSCO, PubMed, OPACplus / EBSCO, ProQuest, Research Gate / Chadwyck Healey, Wiley and the electronic database of the Lenoir - Rhyne - University (LRU) Library was performed. The full text search covered a period of ten years (2009 - 2019). The search was not restricted linguistically and was completed on 09.01.2020.
The results:
It was possible 25 articles and 12 qualitative and quantitative studies could be included. The present overview contains the nursing relevant aspects of the phenomenon pyjama paralysis clustered in categories and applicable to the nursing process. The phenomenon of pyjama paralysis is characterized by the wearing of nightwear or hospital shirts, outside of regular sleeping and resting hours, in an acute inpatient setting, which is associated with a predominantly inactive (sitting / lying down) daily routine and behavior that is not medically justified.
In the acute inpatient setting, this phenomenon occurs in about 40% of patients over 65 years of age. The factors influencing the activity are mainly psychological. The influence on
dignity, self-confidence and well-being is based on the external effect and symbolism of the garment, which promotes devitalization. Environmental influences are also decisive. Devitalization is accompanied by a decrease in mobility and agility, which has extensive physical and psychological effects and involves the risk of iatrogenic impairment and complications. The studies favors the education and information of patients, their environment and nursing staff, as well as the function-focused continuation of daily activities and mobility measures tailored to the patient in an activity-enhancing and safe environment, in order to counteract pyjama paralysis and positively influence care-sensitive outcomes.
Conclusions:
The phenomenon of pyjama paralysis is an influencing but also directly influenceable factor in this context. The care-relevant aspects of pyjama paralysis are linked to ethical, psychological and physical aspects. Superficially, the solution to the enormous problem of inactivity of inpatients appears simple if it is reduced to changing the clothing style. In reality, it is very complex and characterized by the influence of several factors, which all interact and are interdependent. Therefore, future research on the topic of pyjama paralysis should focus on systemic rather than individual interventions.
Introduction: In emergency care, geriatric requirements and risks are often not taken sufficiently into account. In addition, there are neither evidence-based recommendations nor scientifically developed quality indicators (QI) for geriatric emergency care in German emergency departments. As part of the GeriQ-ED© research project, quality indicators for geriatric emergency medicine in Germany have been developed using the QUALIFY-instruments. Methods: Using a triangulation methodology, a) clinical experience-based quality aspects were identified and verified, b) research-based quality statements were formulated and assessed for relevance, and c) preliminary quality indicators were operationalized and evaluated in order to recommend a feasible set of final quality indicators. Results: Initially, 41 quality statements were identified and assessed as relevant. Sixty-seven QI (33 process, 29 structure and 5 outcome indicators) were extrapolated and operationalised. In order to facilitate implementation into daily practice, the following five quality statements were defined as the GeriQ-ED© TOP 5: screening for delirium, taking a full medications history including an assessment of the indications, education of geriatric knowledge and skills to emergency staff, screening for patients with geriatric needs, and identification of patients with risk of falls/ recurrent falls. Discussion: QIs are regarded as gold standard to measure, benchmark and improve emergency care. GeriQ-ED© QI focused on clinical experience- and research-based recommendations and describe for the first time a standard for geriatric emergency care in Germany. GeriQ-ED© TOP 5 should be implemented as a minimum standard in geriatric emergency care.
Hintergrund: Im Jahr 2014 wurden insgesamt ca. 476.000 neue Krebserkrankungen in Deutschland diagnostiziert. Der Bedarf an Beratung, Nachsorge und Begleitung ab dem Zeitpunkt der Diagnosestellung ist ein wichtiger Grundstein für die weitere Behandlung. Pflegekräfte nehmen hier eine zentrale Rolle ein. Die sogenannten „Onkolotsen“ begleiten die Betroffenen von Beginn an und klären über die Therapiegestaltung, Nebenwirkungen, Ängste und Sorgen auf. Die psychosozialen Bedürfnisse werden erfasst und die Lebensqualität durch erhalten und erkennen von Ressourcen positiv beeinflusst. Das System der „Onkolotsen“ ist ein kontinuierlicher Prozess und wird an die Lebensumstände, Einschränkungen in der Lebensqualität durch Symptomlast der Erkrankung angepasst.
Ziel: Anhand verfügbarer Literatur zeigt dieses integrative Literaturreview den Einfluss von „Onkolotsen“ auf Erwachsene mit neu diagnostizierter Krebserkrankung auf.
Methodik: Es wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken Pubmed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library und Springer Link durchgeführt. Die Recherche fand ab 30. September 2019 bis 20. November 2019 statt. Die Suchstrategie wurde mit Hilfe eines Flussdiagrammes veranschaulicht. Die Ergebnisse werden zusammengefasst dargestellt.
Ergebnisse: Fünf passende Studien wurden beurteilt und die Ergebnisse in dieser Arbeit zusammengefasst. Durch alle einbezogenen Studien wurde deutlich, dass Onkolotsen einen Einfluss auf die Lebensqualität, Zufriedenheit mit der Versorgung und auf die Belastung, Angst und Depression haben. Der positive Effekt auf viele Ebenen im Gesundheitswesen wurde deutlich. Die Kostenstrukturen, Beratungsplanungen und die Nebenwirkungen können besser kalkuliert und gesteuert werden.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Einführung eines „Onkolostensystemes“ in Deutschland wäre wichtig und sinnvoll. Der Umfang der Tätigkeit und die Ausbildung sollte gut geplant und strukturiert eingeführt werden. Es profitieren nicht nur die Betroffenen und deren Angehörige. Alle Personen und Institutionen, die ab der Krebsdiagnose involviert sind, erfahren einen entlastenden und positiven Effekt.