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The development of the Cistercian Order in the twelfth century came as a product of a number of eleventh-century reforms. These reforms affected all strata of society, and they impacted the way in which medieval European Christians viewed themselves, their social, political, and theological structures, the world around them, and their relationship to the Christian narrative of salvation history and eschatology. The early Cistercians built their “new monastery” (novum monasterium) upon an apostolic foundation of austerity and poverty, informed by a “return” to the Rule of Benedict as the program for their daily ritual and liturgical lives. These Cistercians centered their monastic “way of life” (conversatio) around the pursuit of ascent into God, seeking to become “citizens among the saints and members of the household of God.” The language of twelfth-century Cistercian ascension theology drew from a number of scriptural motifs for its expression. For example, Bernard of Clairvaux described his monastery as the “heavenly Jerusalem” and his monks as “Jerusalemites”; Aelred of Rievaulx spoke of “living stones,” building up the Temple of Jerusalem and rising up as sacred incense; and Helinand of Froidmont exhorted his monks to climb the mountain with Christ and to raise up within themselves a Temple of “living stones,” becoming bearers of Christ like Mary, his holy mother. In the case of these and other Cistercian exegetes, the goal remained the same: by interpreting Christian scripture and tradition, Cistercian theologians sought to transform the monastery into a sacred space, bridging the gap between the human world and the realm of God, so that they, and their brethren, might ascend “as living stones built up, a spiritual house, a holy priesthood.”
Carmody was a prominent theater and film critic for The Washington (Evening) Star ca. 1934–1964. His career spans an important period in theater and film criticism, because Carmody helped introduce a new genre of American writing to a large audience. His writing combined Hollywood and Broadway appeal with a commitment to cutting-edge European cinema. His stance as a Catholic was morally conservative, yet his writing style was basically encouraging and friendly. Carmody received several awards and served on international film juries.
The Work of Fr. Raymond Flanagan, OCSO, Author of Historical Novels, Devotional Books, and Pamphlets
(2021)
Father Mary Raymond Flanagan (1903–1990), a monk of Gethsemani Abbey, was the widely- read author of dozens of books and pamphlets particularly popular in the 1940s, 1950s, and early 1960s. Numbering in the dozens, his publications were characterized by a hard-hitting, vigorous Catholic piety that accentuated American family values, fidelity to Catholic traditions, the beauty of religious vocations, anti-Communism, and the athletic asceticism he associated with the first Cistercians. His works lost their appeal to a wide audience during the cultural shift of the late 1960s and later, but several of his writings have been reissued in recent years.
This essay includes a short biography and a bibliography of Flanagan's books and pamphlets.
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This thesis examines the topic of access to justice from a contrastive perspective and observes how the capability of taking advantage of the judicial system is ensured for people through
the lens of the Capability Approach. The question addressed here is whether the constitutional
right to education enables the surpassing of a certain capability threshold and thereby promotes access to justice.
This approach offers a broad perspective of the implications of constitutional rights to education, and interconnects it with ethical considerations of justice.
The thesis begins with a short overview of access to justice (2.) and how it relates to the Capability Approach (3.). This is followed by a conceptualized functionalist comparison of the German and Indian constitutional rights to education (4.). Subsequently, the implementation in practice is analyzed using the 4-A scheme developed by the United Nations (5.). The final segment relates to the capability threshold and utilizes the results of the comparison to establish guidelines for policymakers in the education sector (6.).
Overall, this thesis finds that achieving the capability of literacy, a major aspect of legal literacy, can ultimately lead to the promotion of access to justice.
The Relevance of Religion in the Public Sphere - Religion and Migration in Educational Systems
(2019)
Current Social and Educational Situation in Germany
Schools in German immigration society must struggle with a lot of challenges. About one third of the refugees are school-age children and youth. At least 300,000 of them have entered the German educational system. Every third child has a migration biography and teachers are often hardly prepared to deal with these conditions.
Many of the refugee and displaced children and youth come from Arabic countries. They bring along their Muslim religion and culture into a secular society formerly moulded by Christianity. This situation requires a lot of special accommodations. Besides language barriers and being mindful of their traumatic experiences, teachers need to be sensitive in particular with intercultural and interreligious conflict situations.
According to the survey “Teacher Training in an Immigrant Society” 2016 , it is expected that they provide individual aid to the increasing number of young refugees and children who need assistance. The expectations are high, but the teachers receive very little support.
The authors of the study, the Mercator Institute at Cologne University and the Expert Council of German Foundations on Integration and Migration, asserts that despite the normal case of diversity in classrooms, apprenticeship and in-service learning concepts for teachers are not modified accordingly. The survey revealed that deficits are evident in teacher education in German states and the lacks are responsible for this situation.
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Introduction
1. Blumenberg's Critique of Anselm's Ontological Argument
1.1 The Ontological Argument as a Proof of the Existence of God
1.2 Two Incompatible "Definitions" of God
1.3 Other Objections Against Anselm's Ontological Argument
2. Blumenberg's Critique of Anselm's Theological Anthropology
2.1 Hans Blumenberg's Anselm: Humanity as Ersatz
2.2 The Historical Anselm: Humanity as an End in Itself
2.3 Rational Theology
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The history of the Congo Evangelistic Mission/Communauté Pentecôtiste au Zaïre from 1915 to 1982
(2008)
Geschichte der Congo Evangelistic Mission/Communauté Pentecôtiste au Zaïre von 1915 bis 1982. Zugl.: Aberdeen, Univ., Diss., 1983
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