Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Aufsatz (3)
Volltext vorhanden
- ja (3)
Schlagworte
- Attentional bias (1)
- Aufmerksamkeitstest (1)
- Augenfolgebewegung (1)
- Depression (1)
- Emotion regulation (1)
- Emotionsregulation (1)
- Entwicklungsstörung (1)
- Eye tracking (1)
- Inobhutnahme des Kindes (1)
- Jugend (1)
Childhood adversity has been suggested to affect the vulnerability for developmental psychopathology, including both externalizing and internalizing symptoms. This study examines spontaneous attention biases for negative and positive emotional facial expressions as potential intermediate phenotypes. In detail, typically developing boys (6–13 years) underwent an eye-tracking paradigm displaying happy, angry, sad and fearful faces. An approach bias towards positive emotional facial expressions with increasing childhood adversity levels was found. In addition, an attention bias away from negative facial expressions was observed with increasing childhood adversity levels, especially for sad facial expressions. The results might be interpreted in terms of emotional regulation strategies in boys at risk for reactive aggression and depressive behaviour.
Studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation with simultaneous electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) revealed an imbalance between cortical excitation and inhibition (E/I) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in depression. As adolescence is a developmental period with an increase in depression prevalence and profound neural changes, it is crucial to study the relationship between depression and cortical excitability in adolescence. We aimed to investigate the cortical excitability of the DLPFC in adolescents with depression and a dependency of the TMS-evoked potential N100 on the depression severity. 36 clinical patients (12–18 years of age; 21 females) with a major depressive episode were assessed twice in a longitudinal design: shortly after admission (T0) and after six weeks of intervention (T1). GABA-B-mediated cortical inhibition in the left and right DLPFC, as assessed by the N100, was recorded with EEG. Significantly higher depression scores were reported at T0 compared to T1 (p < 0.001). N100 amplitudes were significantly increased (i.e., more negative) at T0 compared to T1 (p = 0.03). No significant hemispheric difference was found in the N100 component. The correlation between the difference in depression severity and the difference in N100 amplitudes (T0–T1) obtained during stimulation of the left DLPFC did not remain significant after correction for testing in both hemispheres. Higher N100 amplitudes during a state of greater depression severity are suggestive of an E/I imbalance in the DLPFC in adolescents with an acute depressive episode. The N100 reduction potentially reflects a normalization of DLPFC over inhibition in association with decreased depressive symptomatology, indicating severity dependency.
Perspektivklärungsgruppen der stationären Kinder- und Jugendhilfe müssen sowohl eine tragfähige Einschätzung für den weiteren Lebensweg der Kinder und Jugendlichen entwickeln, Krisen bewältigen als auch zum Gelingen der kindlichen Entwicklung beitragen. In dieser Studie wurden Einschätzungen zu gegenwärtigen Voraussetzungen für die Arbeit in diesen Gruppen, den Prozess der Perspektivklärung und der Lebenssituation der Kinder und Jugendlichen aus Sicht der Mitarbeiter*innen gewonnen. Es zeigte sich Nachbesserungsbedarf im Umgang mit psychisch und sexuell auffällig geltendem Verhalten der Kinder und in der Vernetzung der am Hilfesystem Beteiligten. Zudem wurde offensichtlich, dass Kinder und Jugendliche am Prozess der Perspektivklärung nicht ausreichend beteiligt sind. Veränderungen im Sinne der Kinder und Jugendlichen, aber auch der Fachkräfte sollten angestrebt werden.