Evangelische Hochschule Nürnberg
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A longitudinal pilot study on stress-levels in the crowdsensing mHealth platform TrackYourStress
(2019)
Background: The mobile phone app, TrackYourStress (TYS), is a new crowdsensing mobile health platform for ecological momentary assessments of perceived stress levels.
Objective: In this pilot study, we aimed to investigate the time trend of stress levels while using TYS for the entire population being studied and whether the individuals’ perceived stress reactivity moderates stress level changes while using TYS.
Methods: Using TYS, stress levels were measured repeatedly with the 4-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4), and perceived stress reactivity was measured once with the Perceived Stress Reactivity Scale (PSRS). A total of 78 nonclinical participants, who provided 1 PSRS assessment and at least 4 repeated PSS-4 measurements, were included in this pilot study. Linear multilevel models were used to analyze the time trend of stress levels and interactions with perceived stress reactivity.
Results: Across the whole sample, stress levels did not change while using TYS (P=.83). Except for one subscale of the PSRS, interindividual differences in perceived stress reactivity did not influence the trajectories of stress levels. However, participants with higher scores on the PSRS subscale reactivity to failure showed a stronger increase of stress levels while using TYS than participants with lower scores (P=.04).
Conclusions: TYS tracks the stress levels in daily life, and most of the results showed that stress levels do not change while using TYS. Controlled trials are necessary to evaluate whether it is specifically TYS or any other influence that worsens the stress levels of participants with higher reactivity to failure.
Editorial
(2019)
Das Projekt „Gesunde Südstadt“ hat den Schwerpunkt Gesundheitsförderung in den Lebenswelten. Es wurde im Rahmen des Programms „Gesunde Kommune“ der AOK Bayern initiiert und zielt auf einen Beitrag zur Verringerung der gesundheitlichen Ungleichheit im sozioökonomisch benachteiligten südlichen Bezirk der Stadt Nürnberg ab. Es werden bedarfsgerechte Präventions- und Gesundheitsförderungsmaßnahmen mit sozial benachteiligten Zielgruppen (Migranten, Geflüchtete, Erwerbslose) entwickelt und umgesetzt. Die Maßnahmen des Projekts orientieren sich an den Handlungsfeldern Ernährung, Bewegung und Stressmanagement des Leitfadens Prävention. Die Wirksamkeit des Projekts wird durch eine externe multiperspektivische, multimethodische Prozess- und Ergebnisevaluation untersucht.
Digitalisierung und Roboterisierung sind Entwicklungen, die das Gesundheitswesen insgesamt, in besonderer Weise aber die Pflege herausfordern. Pflege ist in fundamentaler Weise Beziehungsarbeit und so gewinnt die Frage nach der Gestaltung der Beziehung zu den Robotern eine besondere Bedeutung. Roboter sind keine einfachen Werkzeuge mehr oder Maschinen, die wir nach unseren eigenen Anforderungen einsetzen. Roboter, wie sie für die Pflege aktuell entwickelt werden, sind komplexe technische Gegenüber, die in die soziale Interaktion mit dem Menschen eintreten, wobei noch nicht klar ist, welchen sozialen und folglich welchen normativen Status wir diesen Erscheinungsformen zuerkennen sollen. Der Artikel bietet einige Orientierungsmarken für diese Diskussion aus einer ethischen und anthropologischen Perspektive.
Background Health information systems have developed rapidly and considerably during the last decades, taking advantage of many new technologies. Robots used in operating theaters represent an exceptional example of this trend. Yet, the more these systems are designed to act autonomously and intelligently, the more complex and ethical questions arise about serious implications of how future hybrid clinical team–machine interactions ought to be envisioned, in situations where actions and their decision-making are continuously shared between humans and machines.
Objectives To discuss the many different viewpoints—from surgery, robotics, medical informatics, law, and ethics—that the challenges of novel team–machine interactions raise, together with potential consequences for health information systems, in particular on how to adequately consider what hybrid actions can be specified, and in which sense these do imply a sharing of autonomous decisions between (teams of) humans and machines, with robotic systems in operating theaters as an example.
Results Team–machine interaction and hybrid action of humans and intelligent machines, as is now becoming feasible, will lead to fundamental changes in a wide range of applications, not only in the context of robotic systems in surgical operating theaters. Collaboration of surgical teams in operating theaters as well as the roles, competencies, and responsibilities of humans (health care professionals) and machines (robotic systems) need to be reconsidered. Hospital information systems will in future not only have humans as users, but also provide the ground for actions of intelligent machines.
Conclusions The expected significant changes in the relationship of humans and machines can only be appropriately analyzed and considered by inter- and multidisciplinary collaboration. Fundamentally new approaches are needed to construct the reasonable concepts surrounding hybrid action that will take into account the ascription of responsibility to the radically different types of human versus nonhuman intelligent agents involved.