610 Medizin, Gesundheit
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Corona Health
(2021)
Physical and mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic is typically assessed via surveys, which might make it difficult to conduct longitudinal studies and might lead to data suffering from recall bias. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) driven smartphone apps can help alleviate such issues, allowing for in situ recordings. Implementing such an app is not trivial, necessitates strict regulatory and legal requirements, and requires short development cycles to appropriately react to abrupt changes in the pandemic. Based on an existing app framework, we developed Corona Health, an app that serves as a platform for deploying questionnaire-based studies in combination with recordings of mobile sensors. In this paper, we present the technical details of Corona Health and provide first insights into the collected data. Through collaborative efforts from experts from public health, medicine, psychology, and computer science, we released Corona Health publicly on Google Play and the Apple App Store (in July 2020) in eight languages and attracted 7290 installations so far. Currently, five studies related to physical and mental well-being are deployed and 17,241 questionnaires have been filled out. Corona Health proves to be a viable tool for conducting research related to the COVID-19 pandemic and can serve as a blueprint for future EMA-based studies. The data we collected will substantially improve our knowledge on mental and physical health states, traits and trajectories as well as its risk and protective factors over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and its diverse prevention measures.
Background: The measures taken to contain the COVID-19 pandemic have led to significant changes in people’s daily lives. This paper examines changes in substance use during the first lockdown (March–July 2020) and investigates mental health burdens in substance users with increased consumption of alcohol, nicotine or tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Germany compared to users with unchanged or reduced consumption. Method: In a cross-sectional online survey, 2369 people were asked about their mental health and their substance use during the first lockdown in Germany. Results: Of the participants, 28.5% increased their alcohol use, 28.8% their use of tobacco products, and 20.6% their use of THC-containing products during the pandemic. The groups with increased alcohol, nicotine, and THC use during the first lockdown reported more depressive symptoms and anxiety. Individuals who reported increased consumption of alcohol or nicotine were also more likely to experience loneliness and have suicidal thoughts and were more often stressed due to social distancing. Conclusion: Alcohol, nicotine and THC increased in a subgroup of consumers who reported to have more mental health problems compared to individuals who did not increase their consumption. This increased substance use could, therefore, be understood as a dysfunctional strategy to cope with negative emotions during the lockdown.
Objective: The current study explored the role of maternal depressive symptoms in the intergenerational transmission of childhood maltreatment and developmental psychopathology. Based on the sensitive window hypothesis, the effects of earlier versus later maternal depression symptoms on child development were analysed.
Method: Ninety-nine mother-child dyads, 65% of which had high-risk teenage mothers, participated in a longitudinal study with three assessments in the first 18 months of the child’s life (T1–T3) and a 4th reassessment (T4) at the child’s preschool age. Using serial mediation analyses, we tested whether the relationship between the mother’s own maltreatment history (Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire) and the child’s psychopathological outcome at preschool age was mediated in a causal effect chain by maternal depression in the first 2 years of life, by current maternal depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II) and by current maternal child abuse potential (Child Abuse Potential Inventory). The children’s emotional problems and externalizing symptoms were assessed at preschool age by parent or teacher Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire ratings.
Results: The results indicated that especially later maternal depression mediated the relationship between maternal childhood maltreatment and negative developmental outcomes in the next generation. The effects of maltreatment type on maternal depression were rather nonspecific. However, mental abuse affected existing risk factors more directly over time compared to physical and sexual abuse. Additionally, the impact of early life maltreatment and maternal depression on child psychopathology varied by rater. The pathway to externalizing symptoms was significant only in teacher ratings and for the pathway to emotional problems only in maternal ratings.
Conclusions: The present findings suggest that early maternal depression followed by ongoing maternal depression plays a mediating role in the intergenerational cycle of maltreatment. Therefore, in the future, interventions should be offered at an early stage, but also extend well beyond the first 2 years of a child’s life, addressing maternal depression and trauma.
Ziel der Arbeit war es, die Implementierung der neuen Rolle des Pflegeexperten APN-CC am Universitätsklinikum Regensburg
zu evaluieren und die Frage zu klären, ob ein mitarbeiterbezogener Nutzen festzustellen ist. Gewählt wurde ein Mixed Method Ansatz aus quantitativer Deskription und qualitativen Leitfadeninterviews. Ein mitarbeiterbezogener Nutzen ist deutlich zu erkennen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Orientierung an den theoretischen Modellen erfolgsversprechend darstellt. Die Rolle des Pflegeexperten ANP-CC konnte erfolgreich implementiert werden. Zur Erhaltung und Verstetigung sind eine Fortführung der engen Zusammenarbeit mit allen Stakeholdern und immer wiederkehrende Informationen zum Konzept notwendig.
Hintergrund: Technische Assistenzsysteme werden zunehmend als Lösungsansatz diskutiert, um die gesundheitliche Versorgung älterer Menschen zu unterstützen und die Autonomie im Alter möglichst lange aufrecht zu erhalten. Auch Telepräsenzsysteme (TPS) werden im Zuge dessen im Rahmen von Pflegetätigkeiten eingesetzt. Ziel: Die Studie verfolgt das Ziel, zu beschreiben, inwiefern Pflegekräfte TPS für den Einsatz in der ambulanten Pflege als geeignet einschätzen. Methode: In Fokusgruppen (n = 4) in Sachsen-Anhalt wurde im Anschluss an eine Vorstellung eines TPS über Einsatzmöglichkeiten, Probleme und Potenziale in Bezug zur Einsatzfähigkeit in der ambulanten Pflege diskutiert. Die Datenauswertung erfolgte mittels der Dokumentarischen Methode nach Bohnsack, Nentwig-Gesemann & Nohl (2007). Ergebnisse: Das vorgestellte TPS wurde für die praktische Anwendung im ambulanten Bereich aufgrund fehlender Technikkompetenzen aller Beteiligten, nicht ausreichender Funktionalität des Geräts sowie ethischen und Finanzierungsfragen als eher ungeeignet eingeschätzt. Die Möglichkeit, den Kontakt zwischen Pflegebedürftigen und Angehörigen durch das Gerät zu intensivieren, wird als äußerst positiv erachtet. Weitere Einsatzoptionen könnten die schnelle Kontaktaufnahme in Notfallsituationen oder die Betreuung der Medikamenteneinnahme sein. Schlussfolgerung: TPS sind für den Einsatz in der ambulanten Pflege nicht ausgereift. Zur Entfaltung ihres Potenzials wäre die frühzeitige Einbindung von Pflegekräften bei der Entwicklung von Pflegetechnologien entscheidend. Der Erwerb von Technikkompetenzen bereits in der Pflegeausbildung würde Pflegekräften dabei helfen, an diesem Entwicklungsprozess teilzunehmen.
Bayerische Ethikkommission für Präimplantationsdiagnostik – 811 Entscheidungen in fünf Jahren
(2021)
Childhood adversity has been suggested to affect the vulnerability for developmental psychopathology, including both externalizing and internalizing symptoms. This study examines spontaneous attention biases for negative and positive emotional facial expressions as potential intermediate phenotypes. In detail, typically developing boys (6–13 years) underwent an eye-tracking paradigm displaying happy, angry, sad and fearful faces. An approach bias towards positive emotional facial expressions with increasing childhood adversity levels was found. In addition, an attention bias away from negative facial expressions was observed with increasing childhood adversity levels, especially for sad facial expressions. The results might be interpreted in terms of emotional regulation strategies in boys at risk for reactive aggression and depressive behaviour.
Background
Reduced birthweight is associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes later in life. Children of adolescent mothers are at higher risk for reduced birthweight. The current study aimed to identify the key risk factors affecting birthweight in a well-characterized sample of adolescent mothers to inform preventive public health efforts.
Methods
Sixty-four adolescent mothers (≤ 21 years of age) provided detailed data on pregnancy, birth and psychosocial risk. Separate regression analyses with (1) birthweight and (2) low birthweight (LBW) as outcomes, and pregnancy complications, prenatal care, maternal age, substance abuse during pregnancy, socioeconomic risk, stressful life events and the child’s sex as independent variables were conducted. Exploratively, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to investigate the quality of the discriminatory power of the risk factors.
Results
The following variables explained variance in birthweight significantly: prenatal care attendance (p = .006), pregnancy complications (p = .006), and maternal substance abuse during pregnancy (p = .044). Prenatal care attendance (p = .023) and complications during pregnancy (p = .027) were identified as significant contributors to LBW. Substance abuse (p = .013), pregnancy complications (p = .022), and prenatal care attendance (p = .044) showed reasonable accuracy in predicting low birthweight in the ROC analysis.
Conclusions
Among high-risk adolescent mothers, both biological factors, such as pregnancy complications, and behavioural factors amenable to intervention, such as substance abuse and insufficient prenatal care, seem to contribute to reduced birthweight in their children, a predisposing factor for poorer health outcomes later in life. More tailored intervention programmes targeting the specific needs of this high-risk group are needed.
Hintergrund Das Projekt „Gesunde Südstadt“ hat den Schwer-punkt Gesundheitsförderung in der Lebenswelt Kommune. Es wurde im Rahmen des „Präventionsgesetzes“ (SGB V §20a) initiiert und zielt ab auf die Verringerung der gesundheitlichen Ungleichheit in der Stadt Nürnberg. Die Maßnahmen der kommunalen Gesundheitsförderung im Handlungsfeld Ernährung wurden durch eine externe multiperspektivische, multimethodische Prozess- und Ergebnisevaluation begleitend untersucht.
Methoden 55 Maßnahmenberichte, 8 Interviews mit Teilneh-menden sowie 3 Interviews mit Maßnahmendurchführenden wurden mit qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Eine Teilnehmendenbefragung (n = 35) mittels Fragebögen wurde quantitativ-statistisch ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Gesundheits-
förderungsmaßnahmen durch die Teilnehmenden eine hohe
Akzeptanz erfuhren und ein ausgeprägtes Maß an Partizipation
ermöglicht wurde. Weiterhin zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass die
Maßnahmen die interaktive sowie die funktionale Gesundheits-kompetenz förderten. Ein empirisches Pfadmodell für kommunale Gesundheitsförderungsprojekte wurde abgeleitet.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse belegen gesundheitsförderliche Effekte eines verhältnis- und verhaltensbasierten, kommunalen Ansatzes zur Gesundheitsförderung bei Teilnehmenden an Maßnahmen im Handlungsfeld Ernährung. Das Projekt „Gesunde Südstadt“ stellt einen systematischen, lebensweltrelevanten und niedrigschwelligen Ansatz der soziallagenbezogenen Gesundheitsförderung im kommunalen Setting dar. Methodische Einschränkungen, wie das Querschnittsdesign der Studie, werden diskutiert.