610 Medizin, Gesundheit
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Die generalistischen Rahmenpläne fordern Lehrende und Anleitende dazu auf, Lernsituationen zu entwickeln, in denen Auszubildende emotionale Erlebnisse aus der Pflegepraxis reflexiv bearbeiten. Basierend auf empirischen Ergebnissen wird ein Konzept vorgestellt, das in sechs Lerneinheiten exemplarische Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten subjektiv bedeutsamer Lernprozesse aufzeigt, damit Erlebnisse zu Erfahrungen werden.
Zur Ausübung einer pflegerischen Rolle als Pflegeexpertin APN braucht es neben langjähriger Berufserfahrung wissenschaftlich erweiterte Kompetenzen auf Masterniveau. Eine von ANP-Studierenden initiierte und durch eine Hochschule begleitete Implementierung einer erweiterten und vertieften Pflegepraxis schafft Verständnis und Wissen unter den Entscheidern. Die Orientierung an einem festen Bezugsrahmen zur ANP-Rollentwicklung, wie dem PEPPA Framework, unterstützt einen zielführenden Implementierungsprozess und schafft Akzeptanz im interdisziplinären Team. Fehlende rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen und Rollenvorbilder sowie begrenzte Berufserfahrung können bei einer ANP-Implementierung jedoch hinderlich sein.
Bayerische Ethikkommission für Präimplantationsdiagnostik – 811 Entscheidungen in fünf Jahren
(2021)
Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) wird als ein wichtiger Faktor bei der Umsetzung – der von den Vereinigten Nationen beschlossenen – Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) gesehen und soll bis zum Jahr 2030 sichergestellt sein. Der bundeseinheitliche Rahmenlehrplan der generalistischen Pflegeausbildung bietet dabei neuen Lerninhalten Platz für die Implementierung nachhaltiger Themen. Das induktive Vorgehen der Studie gibt allerdings keinen flächendeckenden, repräsentativen Überblick.
Objective: The current study explored the role of maternal depressive symptoms in the intergenerational transmission of childhood maltreatment and developmental psychopathology. Based on the sensitive window hypothesis, the effects of earlier versus later maternal depression symptoms on child development were analysed.
Method: Ninety-nine mother-child dyads, 65% of which had high-risk teenage mothers, participated in a longitudinal study with three assessments in the first 18 months of the child’s life (T1–T3) and a 4th reassessment (T4) at the child’s preschool age. Using serial mediation analyses, we tested whether the relationship between the mother’s own maltreatment history (Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire) and the child’s psychopathological outcome at preschool age was mediated in a causal effect chain by maternal depression in the first 2 years of life, by current maternal depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II) and by current maternal child abuse potential (Child Abuse Potential Inventory). The children’s emotional problems and externalizing symptoms were assessed at preschool age by parent or teacher Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire ratings.
Results: The results indicated that especially later maternal depression mediated the relationship between maternal childhood maltreatment and negative developmental outcomes in the next generation. The effects of maltreatment type on maternal depression were rather nonspecific. However, mental abuse affected existing risk factors more directly over time compared to physical and sexual abuse. Additionally, the impact of early life maltreatment and maternal depression on child psychopathology varied by rater. The pathway to externalizing symptoms was significant only in teacher ratings and for the pathway to emotional problems only in maternal ratings.
Conclusions: The present findings suggest that early maternal depression followed by ongoing maternal depression plays a mediating role in the intergenerational cycle of maltreatment. Therefore, in the future, interventions should be offered at an early stage, but also extend well beyond the first 2 years of a child’s life, addressing maternal depression and trauma.
Childhood adversity has been suggested to affect the vulnerability for developmental psychopathology, including both externalizing and internalizing symptoms. This study examines spontaneous attention biases for negative and positive emotional facial expressions as potential intermediate phenotypes. In detail, typically developing boys (6–13 years) underwent an eye-tracking paradigm displaying happy, angry, sad and fearful faces. An approach bias towards positive emotional facial expressions with increasing childhood adversity levels was found. In addition, an attention bias away from negative facial expressions was observed with increasing childhood adversity levels, especially for sad facial expressions. The results might be interpreted in terms of emotional regulation strategies in boys at risk for reactive aggression and depressive behaviour.
Corona Health
(2021)
Physical and mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic is typically assessed via surveys, which might make it difficult to conduct longitudinal studies and might lead to data suffering from recall bias. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) driven smartphone apps can help alleviate such issues, allowing for in situ recordings. Implementing such an app is not trivial, necessitates strict regulatory and legal requirements, and requires short development cycles to appropriately react to abrupt changes in the pandemic. Based on an existing app framework, we developed Corona Health, an app that serves as a platform for deploying questionnaire-based studies in combination with recordings of mobile sensors. In this paper, we present the technical details of Corona Health and provide first insights into the collected data. Through collaborative efforts from experts from public health, medicine, psychology, and computer science, we released Corona Health publicly on Google Play and the Apple App Store (in July 2020) in eight languages and attracted 7290 installations so far. Currently, five studies related to physical and mental well-being are deployed and 17,241 questionnaires have been filled out. Corona Health proves to be a viable tool for conducting research related to the COVID-19 pandemic and can serve as a blueprint for future EMA-based studies. The data we collected will substantially improve our knowledge on mental and physical health states, traits and trajectories as well as its risk and protective factors over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and its diverse prevention measures.
Mit den landesrechtlichen Empfehlungen in Berlin und Bremen, der Empfehlung der Deutschen Krankenhausgesellschaft (DKG) zur Weiterbildung Notfallpflege (WBNP) sowie dem Gutachten des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses (G-BA) zur Notfallversorgung ist die Weiterentwicklung der Notfallpflege entscheidend gestärkt worden. Laut G‑BA-Gutachten wird gefordert, dass mindestens eine Fachpflegekraft pro Notaufnahme mit der Weiterbildung Notfallpflege im Bedarfsfall zur Verfügung stehen muss, sobald die jeweilige Qualifikation in dem Bundesland angeboten wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit sich die WBNP in Deutschland etabliert hat.